目的 分析2020—2024年上海市青浦区水痘的流行病学特征，为完善水痘防控措施提供依据。方法 从中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划信息管理系统收集2020—2024年上海市青浦区水痘病例，采用描述性研究方法对水痘病例的时间分布、地区分布及人群分布情况进行分析，采用SPSS 26.0软件对数据整理分析，使用卡方检验进行多组间比较。结果 2020—2024年青浦区共报告水痘病例1 225例，水痘发病整体呈现下降趋势（χ²趋势= 110.73，P<0.001），2个发病高峰期分别为5—7月及11月至次年1月。全区各街镇均有发病，且主要集中在夏阳街道和徐泾镇等中心城区。多个年龄组均有病例，其中<5岁组发病数虽最多，但整体占比呈现下降趋势，在所有病例中的构成比从2020年的22.34%下降至2024年的13.46%。在所有职业中，以学生病例最多（38.04%），其次为散居儿童（15.10%）。结论 2020—2024年青浦区水痘发病率虽有所下降，但应关注重点机构和人群，及时规范开展疫情处置，并稳步提升水痘疫苗覆盖率。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Qingpu District, Shanghai, from 2020 to 2024, and to provide a basis for improving varicella prevention and control measures.Methods Varicella cases in Qingpu District, Shanghai, from 2020 to 2024 were collected from the Immunization Program Information Management System of the Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control. Descriptive research methods were used to analyze the temporal, regional, and population distribution of varicella cases. Data were organized and analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software, and the chi-square test was used to compare rates among multiple groups.Results A total of 1 225 varicella cases were reported in Qingpu District from 2020 to 2024, showing an overall downward trend in incidence (χ² trend = 110.73, P < 0.001). The 2 high-incidence periods for varicella were from May to July and from November to January of the following year, respectively. Cases were reported in all subdistricts and towns, with a concentration in central urban areas including Xiayang Subdistrict and Xujing Town. Cases were distributed across multiple age groups, with the highest number of cases occurring in the < 5-year-old group, although its proportion showed a declining trend with constituent ratio among all cases decreasing from 22.34% in 2020 to 13.46% in 2024. Among all occupations, students accounted for the majority of cases (38.04%), followed by scattered children (15.10%).Conclusions The incidence of varicella in Qingpu District has declined during 2020-2024, but attention should be paid to key institutions and populations, and standardized outbreak response measures should be implemented promptly. Meanwhile, the coverage rate of varicella vaccine should be steadily increased.