近年来，全球新突发传染病频发，历次公共卫生危机的应对实践表明，面对具有大规模流行潜力病原体的威胁，疫苗的快速响应对于有效遏制威胁至关重要。流行病防范创新联盟（Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, CEPI）在2021年提出了“CEPI 2.0战略规划”暨“百日疫苗计划”，旨在依托确定原型疫苗库、搭建全球临床试验网络、筛选早期免疫生物标志物、构建快速制造与验证能力、布局早期疫情监测系统及加强生物安全保障能力6大支柱，在大流行病原体确认后的百日内，完成目标疫苗的初始授权和规模化生产启动。此文就“百日疫苗计划”的科学框架部分进行系统性梳理和解读，以期为我国更好地应对潜在的疫情风险和大流行病的发生提供借鉴。

With the increasing frequency of emerging infectious diseases globally in recent years, the response practices to previous public health crises indicate that a rapid vaccine response is crucial to effective threats containing from pathogens with large-scale epidemic potential. In 2021, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) proposed the strategic plan CEPI 2.0, also known as the 100 Days Mission. The six pillars of the plan, namely establishing a prototype vaccine library, building a global clinical trial network, identifying early immune biomarkers, developing rapid manufacturing and validation capabilities, deploying early outbreak surveillance systems, and strengthening biosafety and biosecurity capacity, aim to achieve preliminary authorization and mass production readiness for target vaccines within 100 days after confirmation of a pandemic pathogen.This paper provides a systematic review and interpretation of the scientific framework of the plan, seeking to offer reference and insights for China to better respond to potential epidemic risks and pandemic occurrences.