2型糖尿病是全身性胰岛素抵抗、胰岛β细胞功能减退的内分泌代谢性疾病。目前，2型糖尿病患者以代谢紊乱的复合型肥胖患者居多。司美格鲁肽是胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂，可通过多重机制，如抑制食欲、延缓胃排空、改善胰岛功能等实现血糖控制与体重减轻，在2型糖尿病治疗领域应用广泛。此文对司美格鲁肽治疗2型糖尿病的作用机制、研究进展、临床应用中遇到的问题及建议等进行综述，旨在为其临床应用提供参考。

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a systemic endocrine metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and impaired function of pancreatic β cells. At present, most patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 are obese patients with metabolic disorders. Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist， which can achieve blood glucose control and weight loss through multiple mechanisms, such as suppressing appetite, delaying gastric emptying, and improving pancreatic function. Semaglutide is widely used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. This article reviews the mechanism of action, research progress, clinical application issues and related suggestions of semaglutide in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2, aiming to provide a reference for the clinical application of semaglutide in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 patients.