佐剂作为非特异性免疫增强剂，是灭活疫苗、亚单位疫苗和重组蛋白疫苗等多种疫苗不可或缺的辅助成分。佐剂通过激活和刺激固有免疫细胞，增强机体的适应性免疫应答，从而增强疫苗的免疫原性。佐剂按作用机制主要分为免疫刺激剂和递送系统。此文对目前部分已上市人用疫苗佐剂及新型疫苗佐剂的作用机制及研究进展进行综述，为合理使用现有佐剂及开发新型佐剂提供参考。

Adjuvants are non-specific immune enhancers that are indispensable components of a wide range of vaccines, including inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines and recombinant protein vaccines. Adjuvants enhance the adaptive immune response by activating and stimulating the innate immune cells, thereby enhancing the immunogenicity of vaccines. Based on the action mechanism, adjuvants can be mainly divided into immunologic stimulants and delivery systems. This article reviews the action mechanisms and research progress of some currently approved human vaccine adjuvants and novel vaccine adjuvants, in order to guiding the rational use of existing adjuvants and the development of novel adjuvants.