手足口病（hand, foot and mouth disease, HFMD）是由肠道病毒感染引起的急性传染性疾病，具有传染性强、传播途径多等特点，在世界范围内长期流行。近10年来，世界范围HFMD病原谱发生了较大的变化，由2012年前主要流行的肠道病毒A组71型（enterovirus A71, EV-A71）和柯萨奇病毒A组（coxsackievirus A, CV-A）16型（CV-A16）转变为其他肠道病毒，其中以CV-A6的增长趋势最为显著。由于已上市的单价EV-A71灭活疫苗无法对不同血清型的肠道病毒产生交叉保护，因此不能完全满足防控HFMD的需求，亟待研制能够同时预防多种主要流行肠道病毒感染的多价疫苗。此文就中国和世界范围HFMD的病原谱变化和疫苗研究进行综述。

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute infectious disease caused by enterovirus infection. It has strong infectivity and multiple transmission routes, and is a long-term epidemic in the world. In the past decade, the pathogen spectrum of HFMD has undergone great changes worldwide. The dominant pathogenic agents transfer from enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A(CV-A)16 to other enteroviruses, among which CV-A6 has the most significant growth trend. Although the monovalent inactivated EV-A71 vaccine has effectively controlled the infection and decreased the number of severe cases caused by EV-A71, it offers no cross-protection against enteroviruses of different serotypes, thus can not fully meet the prevention and control requirements of HFMD. It is urgent to develop multivalent vaccines that can simultaneously protect against multiple epidemic enteroviruses. This paper reviews the pathogen spectrum changes and vaccine research of HFMD in home and abroad.