腺病毒载体作为高效的基因传递工具，数十年来在疫苗研发领域得到了广泛研究。目前，腺病毒载体已成功应用于埃博拉病毒及新型冠状病毒等的疫苗研发，并展现出良好的保护力和安全性。腺病毒载体在疫苗中的应用仍面临挑战，如预存抗体干扰、靶向性差等。此文就腺病毒载体在疫苗研究中的应用、存在的问题及改进方向作一综述。

Adenovirus vectors, renowned for their efficacy as gene delivery tools, have garnered significant attention in vaccine research over the past decades. Currently, adenovirus vectors have been successfully applied to the vaccine development of Ebola virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and have shown good protection and safety. However, the application of adenovirus vectors in vaccines still faces challenges, such as interference of pre-existing antibodies and poor targeting. This article provides a review of the application, existing problems, and improvement directions of adenovirus vectors in vaccine research.