狂犬病病毒引起的狂犬病是一种在人畜中广泛传播、可感染神经系统且具有致死性的传染病。狂犬病的临床症状主要包括恐水、流涎、狂躁或兴奋等，目前尚无有效治疗手段，发病后100%死亡，狂犬病疫苗仍然是预防和控制狂犬病最有效的策略。此文就中国狂犬病流行病学、狂犬病疫苗株及人用狂犬病疫苗研究进展进行综述，以期为优化狂犬病防控策略提供理论依据。

Rabies caused by rabies virus is a lethal infectious zoonosis that infects the nervous system. The clinical conditions mainly include hydrophobia, salivation, mania or excitement. At present, there is no specific therapy for rabies and the disease is 100% lethal. The rabies vaccine remains the most effective strategy for rabies prevention and control. This article reviews the epidemiology of rabies, rabies vaccine strains and the research progress of human rabies vaccine in China, in order to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing rabies prevention and control strategies.