目的 评估全面开展病毒核酸扩增检测（nucleic acid amplification test，NAT）以来，采浆区域的献血浆人群经血传播HCV的残余风险。方法 分别用ELISA和NAT对21个单采血浆公司在2019.04.15—2020.04.14采集的1 487 050份血浆标本进行抗HCV抗体及HCV RNA筛查，对筛查出的抗HCV抗体阳性标本采用免疫印记法确证。采用发病率-窗口期模型计算献血浆者传播HCV残余风险。结果 重复献血浆人群的HCV感染率为0.004%，重复献血浆人群传播HCV的残余风险为7.938×10^-2/10万份血浆标本，即1:1 259 830。结论 重复献血浆人群的HCV残余风险在较低、可控的水平。全面开展NAT后，与仅进行ELISA筛查相比，重复献血浆人群的HCV经血传播疾病残余风险有大幅降低。

Objective To evaluate HCV blood transmissible residual risk for plasma collection population after carrying out nucleic acid amplification test (NAT). Methods ELISA and NAT were performed to screen anti-HCV and HCV RNA, respectively, on 1 487 050 plasma samples collected from 21 plasma collection stations from 2019.04.15 to 2020.04.14. Samples positive for anti-HCV were confirmed by Western Blot. Incidence-window period model was used to calculate transmitting HCV residual risk for the donor population. Results The prevalence of repeat donor population was 0.004%. The HCV blood transmissible residual risk for repeat donor population was 7.938×10^-2/100 000 plasma samples, i.e. 1:1 259 830. Conclusions HCV blood transmissible residual risk for repeat donor populations is at a relatively low and controllable level. After carrying out NAT, compared to ELISA test only, HCV blood transmissible residual risk is greatly reduced.