目的 探索以阳离子脂质体为载体和佐剂的HBV DNA疫苗的免疫效果。方法 用阳离子脂质体包裹HBV DNA疫苗pVAX/HBs形成脂质-pVAX/HBs复合物，肌肉注射免疫小鼠，同时分别注射质粒pVAX/HBs和pVAX1。在初次免疫前和初次免疫2周后每周对免疫小鼠眼眶采血，检测小鼠血清中乙型肝炎表面抗体的效价，并用流式细胞仪检测免疫小鼠脾脏细胞中CD4⁺、CD8⁺ T细胞数量。结果 脂质-pVAX/HBs组小鼠抗体水平高于pVAX/HBs组，且差异有统计学意义（t=3.92, P<0.01），CD4⁺ T细胞数量和CD4⁺/CD8⁺也均高于pVAX/HBs组及pVAX1组，且差异有统计学意义(F=4.67，P<0.05)。结论 阳离子脂质体可显著增强HBV DNA疫苗的体液免疫和细胞免疫效果。

Objective To explore the immune effects of HBV DNA vaccine using cationic liposome as carrier and adjuvant. Methods HBV DNA vaccine pVAX/HBs was encapsulated in cationic liposome to form lipid pVAX/HBs complexes. Mice were immunized by intramuscular injection with the complex, plasmids pVAX/HBs and pVAX1. Blood was collected from the eye sockets of mice before the first injection and every week 2 weeks after first injection, the level of hepatitis B surface antibody in the serum of immunized mice was detected, and the number of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in spleen of immunized mice was detected using flow cytometry. Results The antibody level of mice in the lipid-pVAX/HBs group was higher than that in the pVAX/HBs group，and the difference was statistically significant (t=3.92, P<0.01). The number of CD4⁺ T cells and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ were higher than that in the pVAX/HBs group and pVAX1 group, and the difference was statistically significant (F=4.67, P<0.05). Conclusion Cationic liposome can significantly enhance the humoral immunity and cellular immunity effects of HBV DNA vaccine.