近年来，过继性细胞免疫疗法在肿瘤治疗方面展现出了显著的临床效果。T细胞和自然杀伤（natural killer，NK）细胞是临床常用的过继性免疫细胞，并且在淋巴瘤等恶性肿瘤的治疗中已经取得了良好的效果。通过对免疫细胞进行基因工程改造引入嵌合抗原受体（chimeric antigen receptor, CAR）催生了CAR-T和CAR-NK细胞疗法。CAR-T和CAR-NK细胞可高效识别肿瘤抗原且肿瘤细胞杀伤效果较好，在多种癌症研究中均有满意的结果，已经成为一个炙手可热的领域。此文对基于CAR修饰的免疫细胞疗法的发展与应用进行概述，并针对其挑战与未来发展进行了讨论。

In recent years, adoptive cell transfer therapy has shown remarkable clinical effects in tumor treatment. T cells and natural killer(NK) cells are commonly used in clinical adoptive immune cells and have achieved good results in the treatment of lymphoma and other malignant tumors. Chimeric antibody receptor (CAR) modification leads to CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapies. CAR-T and CAR-NK cells can efficiently recognize tumor antigens and have good killing effect on tumor cells. Satisfactory results have been obtained in various cancer studies, and CAR-T and CAR-NK cells have become a hot field. This review summaries the development and application of CAR-modified immune cell therapy and discusses their challenges and future development.