疫苗是预防COVID-19疫情的主要手段之一，然而，随着新型冠状病毒变异株尤其是奥密克戎株的出现，疫苗的预防作用有所减弱，民众期盼疫苗更新能赶上病毒变异速度。此文从新型冠状病毒的感染特征和黏膜免疫的关系出发，论述了第1代COVID-19疫苗在预防变异株重症化方面的积极作用与不足，并对奥密克戎变异株的进化提出了新的干扰剧变假说，希望引起对病毒非自然加速进化的关注。虽然疫情已经结束，但是针对过去3年在新型冠状病毒变异株疫苗研发过程中的滞后现状，此文提出应急情况下针对变异株升级疫苗审批的疫苗升级绿色通道和紧急使用的瞻前性研究，探讨从法规和政策方面进行改革的可行性，以便将来再次遭遇类似COVID-19疫情的紧急情况时，通过及时升级疫苗应对快速变化的疫情。

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine is one of the important ways to the prevention of COVID-19. However, with the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially Omicron variant, the preventive effect of the vaccine has been reduced. The public yearn for the timely updated vaccine in sync with the virus mutation. In this paper, based on the relationship between the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mucosal immunity, the positive effect and innate deficiency of the first-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in preventing the severe symptoms caused by the variants is discussed. A new interference drastic mutation hypothesis is proposed for the evolution of Omicron variants, hoping to draw attention to the unnatural acceleration of virus evolution. Although the COVID-19 epidemic has come to an end, over the past three years, the research on a vaccine for the SARS-CoV-2 variant has lagged behind the speed of the virus' evolution. Therefore, this article boldly proposes a forward-looking study on the green channel of vaccine upgrade and emergency use for the approval of variant vaccine upgrade under emergency circumstances. It is imperative to study the feasibility of vaccine upgrade reform from the perspective of regulations and policies. When rapidly changing emergencies such as the COVID-19 outbreak occur again, it is necessary to respond through timely vaccine upgrades in the future.