呼吸道合胞病毒（respiratory syncytial virus, RSV）可引起严重下呼吸道感染疾病，是婴幼儿、老年人及免疫功能低下人群感染呼吸道疾病的主要病原体，在全球范围内造成严重的社会负担。自20世纪50年代发现至今已有60多年，虽然进入临床试验的疫苗很多，但仍未有上市的疫苗。迫切需要开发一种安全有效的RSV疫苗。此文将从RSV减毒活疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、重组蛋白疫苗以及核酸疫苗等方面进行论述。

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a pathogen that causes severe lower respiratory tract infections.It is the main pathogen of respiratory tract infections in infants, the elderly and immunocompromised people, causing a serious social burden worldwide. It has been more than 60 years since its discovery in the 1950s. Although many vaccines have entered the clinical trials, there is still no RSV vaccine on the market. Therefore, the development of a safe and effective RSV vaccine is very urgent. In this paper, live attenuated RSV vaccine, viral vector vaccine, recombinant protein vaccine and nucleic acid vaccine will be discussed.