通过全面综述慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease，CKD）患者流感、肺炎、COVID-19疫苗接种的有效性和安全性研究显示，接种以上疫苗可降低CKD患者感染流感病毒、肺炎球菌、新型冠状病毒的风险，使该类人群受益。国内外指南均推荐高风险人群加强这些疫苗的接种。现阶段针对CKD患者疫苗接种安全性和有效性的数据尚不充足，且国内尚缺乏针对CKD患者疫苗接种的指南，如何优化该人群的疫苗免疫策略也仍待解决。应采取有效措施加强知识普及和指南宣传，提高疫苗接种率，进一步加强CKD患者接种流感疫苗、肺炎球菌疫苗和COVID-19疫苗的临床研究，以切实改善CKD患者的生存现状和预后。

      This article systematically summarizes and reviews effectiveness and safety studies of influenza, pneumonia and COVID-19 vaccines for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, showing that vaccination of these vaccines can reduce the risk of influenza virus, pneumococcus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections and benefit CKD population. Both domestic and foreign guidelines recommend high risk population strengthen the vaccination of these vaccines. At present, data on the safety and effectiveness of vaccination for CKD population are insufficient, and there is still a lack of vaccination guidelines for CKD population in China. How to optimize the vaccine immunization strategy for this population has yet to be resolved. Effective measures should be taken to strengthen knowledge popularization and guide propaganda, and to raise vaccination rate. Clinical researches on vaccination of influenza, pneumonia and COVID-19 vaccines in CKD population should be further strengthened to effectively improve the survival status and prognosis of CKD population.