轮状病毒是全球范围内引起婴幼儿腹泻的主要病原体，接种轮状病毒疫苗为目前最经济、有效的预防手段，很大程度上缓解了轮状病毒导致的疾病负担，但目前上市疫苗均为减毒活疫苗，存在毒力回复以及肠道不良反应等风险。因此，优化的传统活疫苗、灭活疫苗以及病毒样颗粒等亚单位疫苗成为潜在的候选疫苗，以提高轮状病毒疫苗的安全性和有效性。此文总结了市面上主要轮状病毒疫苗的应用现状以及进入临床试验新疫苗的研究情况，为后续的疫苗开发奠定基础。

Rotavirus is the main pathogen that causes infantile diarrhea worldwide. Rotavirus vaccine is the most economical and effective prevention method against infection, which has greatly alleviated the disease burden caused by rotavirus. However, the currently marketed vaccines are live attenuated vaccines, which have risks of toxicity reversion and intestinal adverse reactions. Therefore, the optimized traditional live attenuated vaccine, inactivated vaccine, virus-like particles and other subunit vaccines have become potential candidate vaccines, thus improving the safety and effectiveness of the rotavirus vaccine. This article summarizes the current status of the main marketed rotavirus vaccines and the research status of new vaccines entering clinical trials, so as to lay a foundation for the subsequent vaccine development.