膜蛋白是与细胞膜磷脂双分子层结合的蛋白质，在生命活动中具有重要作用，也是重要的药物靶点。为了解膜蛋白生化反应的机制和设计新的药物靶点，膜蛋白的纯化方法显得尤为重要。完整的膜蛋白疏水性较强，在膜裂解过程中容易形成沉淀，复杂的纯化工艺会导致膜蛋白回收率较低，并且膜蛋白本身在天然宿主中低表达。因此选择不仅能高效提取膜蛋白，还能保持膜蛋白分子天然空间结构和理化性质的纯化方法十分重要。此文主要对膜蛋白的提取、去污剂的选择、膜蛋白的纯化、去污剂的去除等方面的研究进展进行概述。

Membrane protein, which is combined with membrane phospholipid bilayer, plays an important role in biological activities and is an important drug target. To understand biochemical reaction mechanism of membrane protein and design novel drug targets, membrane protein purification method is particularly important. The complete membrane protein has strong hydrophobicity and is easy to form precipitation in the process of membrane cracking. At the same time, the complex purification process will lead to low recovery rate of membrane protein, and the membrane protein expression is low in natural host. Therefore, it is important to select a purification method that can not only efficiently purify the membrane protein, but also maintain its spatial structure as well as physical and chemical properties. This paper mainly summarizes the research progresses in extraction of membrane protein, selection of detergent, purification of membrane protein, and removement of detergent.