支气管肺发育不良（broncho-pulmonary dysplasia，BPD）是早产儿最常见的并发症之一，也是影响早产儿预后的重要因素。然而目前临床对BPD的治疗方法有限且疗效不佳，寻找BPD新的防治方案迫在眉睫。近些年，基础实验及临床研究均发现间充质干细胞移植对BPD有一定疗效，极可能成为治疗BPD新的有效手段。此文从基础和临床研究两个层面总结间充质干细胞对BPD防治作用，并对其远景进行展望。

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common complications of preterm infants, and it is also an important factor affecting the prognosis of preterm infants. However, the current clinical treatment methods for BPD are limited and the curative effect is poor. It is urgent to find a new prevention and treatment scheme for BPD. In recent years, basic experiments and clinical studies have found that mesenchymal stem cell transplantation has a certain effect on BPD, which is very likely to become a new and effective method for the treatment of BPD. This article summarizes the preventive and therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells on BPD at two levels, basic and clinical research, and look forward to its prospects.