病毒检测在病毒感染的预防、诊断、治疗及病毒性疫苗的质量控制等方面发挥着重要的作用。实时荧光定量PCR通过荧光信号实时检测目的基因扩增数量，是目前实验室最常用的的病毒检测技术，具有灵敏度高、检测快速、污染小等优点。此文对实时荧光定量PCR技术在病毒感染的快速诊断、病毒核酸定量检测和病毒型别的鉴定三个方面的应用进行阐述。

Virus detection plays an increasingly important role in viral infection prevention, diagnosis, treatment and quality control of viral vaccines. Through detecting the fluorescent signals related to the amplified quantity of the target gene in real time, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) is the most commonly used virus detection technology with high sensitivity, rapid detection and low pollution. This article describes the application of qPCR in the rapid diagnosis of virus infectious diseases, the quantification of viral nucleic acid and the identification of virus types.