目的 分析2015－2019年西双版纳傣族自治州（西双版纳）流行性腮腺炎的流行特征，为进一步预防控制流行性腮腺炎提供参考依据。方法 对2015－2019年中国疾病预防控制信息系统报告的流行性腮腺炎病例和暴发疫情资料进行描述性分析。结果 西双版纳2015－2019年共报告2 452例流行性腮腺炎，年平均报告发病率为41.87/10万；男、女性报告发病率比为1.16:1.00；夏冬季为高发季节；0~14岁人群发病率最高（154.39/10万）；总病例的64.23%为学生，7次暴发疫情均发生于学校。2015－2019年共接种136 433剂次含腮腺炎成分疫苗，其中104 133剂次麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹联合疫苗，其余为腮腺炎疫苗。结论 2015－2019年西双版纳流行性腮腺炎发病率呈上升趋势，建议完善麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹联合疫苗儿童免疫规划，提高疫苗接种覆盖率，做好学校晨检工作，加强预防接种证查验工作和流行性腮腺炎的主动监测。

Objective  To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture (Xishuangbanna) from 2015 to 2019 and provide scientific evidence for further prevention and control of mumps. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence and outbreak data of mumps collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention reports from 2015 to 2019. Results  A total of 2 452 cases of mumps were reported accumulatively in Xishuangbanna from 2015 to 2019 with the annual average incidence of 41.87/100 000. The male to female ratio of cases was 1.16:1.00. The incidence peaked in summer and winter. The highest incidence was in children aged 0-14 years (154.39/100 000). Students counted for 64.23% cases and all 7 outbreaks occurred in child care settings or schools. A total of 136 433 doses of mumps-containing vaccines were administered from 2015 to 2019, of which 104 133 doses were measles-mumps-rubella combined vaccines and the rest were mumps vaccine. Conclusion  The mumps morbidity in Xishuangbanna shows increasing tendency during the 5-year period. It is recommended to improve the measles-rubella-mumps combined vaccine immunization programme in children and increase its coverage. Morning screening in schools is suggested during the outbreak and the inspection of vaccination certificates should be reinforced to strengthen the active surveillance of mumps.