从原核生物的适应性免疫机制衍生出的成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白（clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat and associated protein，CRISPR-Cas）系统，以其特异性高、可开发性强、简单高效等特点迅速从众多具有竞争力的基因编辑技术中脱颖而出，既为体内基因编辑技术带来革命性突破，也在体外诊断领域开拓了新的方向。近年来涌现出许多快速、便携、经济、高效的基于CRISPR-Cas系统的体外诊断技术，这些技术在病原体检测方面展示出良好的性能，在肿瘤基因诊断、遗传病筛查、移植排斥反应检测等方面也具有很大潜力。此文仅就CRISPR-Cas系统的作用原理、基于CRISPR-Cas系统的检测方法以及在病原体核酸检测领域的应用进展进行简述。

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat and associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) system, derived from the adaptive immune mechanism of prokaryotes, quickly stands out from many competitive gene-editing technologies by its high specificity, high exploitability, simplicity, and efficiency. Not only has it brought revolutionary breakthroughs to in vivo gene-editing technology, but it has also opened up a new world in the field of in vitro diagnostics. In recent years, many fast, portable, economical, and efficient in vitro diagnostic technologies based on the CRISPR-Cas system have emerged. These techniques show extraordinary performance in pathogen detection as well as having unlimited potential in tumor gene diagnosis, genetic disease screening, transplant rejection detection, etc. This article only briefly describes the working principle of the CRISPR-Cas system, the detection methods based on the CRISPR-Cas system, and the application progress in the field of pathogen nucleic acid detection.