人体微生物群通过多种方式参与维持宿主的健康已成为共识。近年来，随着对肠-脑轴的深入研究，微生物群被发现可以以多种方式在人体精神健康方面发挥重要作用。多种精神障碍的发生过程中也存在着微生物群的改变。现已有大量以微生物群为靶标干预精神障碍的相关研究。但是，目前尚未有商品化的以微生物群为靶标干预精神障碍的相关产品，且关于该领域的综述也较少。此文从微生物群与机体神经系统的相互作用，微生物群与精神障碍的关系以及以微生物群为靶标治疗精神障碍的相关研究进展等方面进行综述。

 It has been generally accepted that the human microbiota is involved in maintaining the health of the host. In recent years, with intensive researches on the gut-brain axis, the microbiota has been found to play an important role in human mental health through different mechanisms. Alterations in the microbiota are found in various mental disorders. So far, there have been a large number of related studies on the intervention of mental disorders with the modulation of microbiota. However, there are currently no commercial products that target the microbiome to intervene in mental disorders, and there are few reviews in this area. This review introduces the interactions between the microbiota and host nervous system, especially the development of the relationship between the microbiota and mental disorders, and discuss related research advances in treating mental disorders targeting microbiota.