甲型流感病毒（influenza A virus，IAV）主要感染人和动物，禽类和猪是导致IAV基因多样性的主要宿主，而马和犬携带的IAV类型较少，并且几乎不传染人。据报道，马流感病毒（equine influenza virus，EIV）可以跨越从马到犬的宿主物种障碍，在犬群中引起流感暴发。虽然至今尚无人感染EIV和犬流感病毒（canine influenza virus，CIV）的报道，但是随着IAV的不断进化，人类与马和犬的密切接触将会给人类造成潜在公共卫生威胁。此文就EIV和 CIV的流行病学、致病性和传播进行综述，为马和犬流感疫苗研究提供流行病学信息。

Influenza A virus (IAV) mainly infects human and animals. Birds and swines are the main hosts responsible for genetic diversity in IAV, while equines and canines carry fewer subtypes of IAV that rarely infect humans. It has been reported that equine influenza virus (EIV) has the capacity to cross the host-species barrier from horse to canine and cause influenza outbreaks among canines. Although no human infection with EIV and canine influenza virus (CIV) have been reported so far, it could pose a potential public health threat to humans through close contact with horses and canines given the continuous evolution of IAV. In this article, the epidemiology, pathogenicity and transmission of EIV and CIV are reviewed, in order to provide epidemiological information for equines and canines influenza vaccine studies.