类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌是引起类鼻疽主要病原体，具有易传播、致死率高、耐药性强等特点，目前尚缺乏有效疫苗，因此具有被用作生物武器的风险。目前在研的类鼻疽疫苗包括灭活全细胞疫苗、减毒活疫苗、亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗和多糖结合疫苗等。鉴于类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌属兼性胞内感染病原菌，且目前关于其逃逸宿主免疫的机制还不十分清楚，因此疫苗研究仍处于探索阶段。此文对目前主要的类鼻疽疫苗研究进展以及当中存在的一些问题进行了综述与探讨。

Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. The characteristics of easy transmission, high mortality rate, robust drug resistance, and lack of vaccines make this pathogen a potential bioterror agent. At present, vaccines under research include inactivated whole cell vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, subunit vaccines, DNA vaccines, and polysaccharide-based conjugate vaccines. Since the immune escape mechanism of this facultative intracellular pathogen is not very clear, its vaccine research remains in early stage. In this article, the current research on development of vaccines against B. pseudomallei and existing problems in  vaccines are reviewed.