流行性脑脊髓膜炎（流脑）是一种由脑膜炎奈瑟球菌引发的严重呼吸道传染病。随着脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗和多糖-蛋白质结合疫苗的应用，大部分于人群中广泛流行的致病性脑膜炎奈瑟球菌（血清A、C、W135、Y群）已得到了有效控制。然而，这也导致B群脑膜炎奈瑟球菌引发的流脑的占比增多。此文综述了目前已发现的B群脑膜炎球菌疫苗候选抗原，以及基于这些抗原已经获批和正在研发的B群脑膜炎球菌疫苗，以期帮助研究人员进行新型B群脑膜炎球菌疫苗的研发。

Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis is a serious respiratory infectious disease caused by Neisseria meningitides. With the application of meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines and polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines, the epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis caused by serogroups A, C, W135 and Y has been well controlled. However, the proportion of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis caused by serogroup B has increased as a result. This article reviews potential candidate antigens for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B and relevant vaccines based on these antigens to help researchers in vaccine development.