重症急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，SARS-CoV-2）是新近分离鉴定的第7种可以感染人类的冠状病毒，已确认为目前正在暴发流行的COVID-19的病原体。SARS-CoV-2可在COVID-19患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液、鼻咽拭子、血液等样本中检出，细胞分离培养相对容易。鉴于病毒培养分离和病原学鉴定对病毒复制增殖、致病免疫、检测诊断和特异防治等都具有重要意义，此文就SARS-CoV-2分离、病原学鉴定以及根据宏基因组测序的反向病原学研究现状与进展做一综述。

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2）is a newly isolated and identified coronavirus, the seventh that can infect humans. The SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed to be the etiological pathogen of COVID-19 currently in epidemic outbreak. SARS-CoV-2 can be isolated relatively easily from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, nasopharyngeal swabs and blood specimens of confirmed COVID-19 patients. Given the great significance of viral isolation and etiological identification for viral replication, pathogenicity, immunity, diagnosis, as well as specific prevention and control, this article reviews the status and progress of SARS-CoV-2 in isolation and etiological identification, especially in metagenome next-generation sequencing-based reverse etiology.