随着新型高危病毒的出现，使用野生型病毒株进行研究的传统方法显示出局限性，迫切需要一种新方法。体外构建假病毒具有安全稳定、宿主嗜性广等优点，已被广泛应用于中和抗体检测、抗原表位研究、病毒与宿主细胞间相互作用研究、抗病毒药物筛选等领域，是一种安全有效的研究手段。为了进一步评价疫苗、抗体、抗病毒药物的体内保护效果，建立便捷可靠的假病毒动物模型显得尤为重要。此文对假病毒的应用、假病毒动物模型的建立等方面做一综述，总结相关领域的研究进展。

With the emergence of new high-risk viruses, traditional research methods using wild-type virus strains have shown great limitation,and there is an urgent need for a new way for virus study. Pseudovirus generated in vitro is becoming an effective means in this aspect, as it is safe, stable and has a broad host tropism. It has been widely used in neutralizing antibody detection, epitope research,research of interaction between virus and host cells, and antiviral drug screening. In order to evaluate the in vivo protection effect of vaccines, antibodies, and antiviral drugs, establishing a convenient and reliable animal model of pseudovirus is particularly important. This article reviews recent advances in the application and the animal models establishment of pseudoviruses.