癌症已成为人类健康的严重威胁。目前传统肿瘤治疗方法对某些癌症效果不佳，而且严重影响患者的生活质量。随着肿瘤免疫疗法的兴起，溶瘤病毒作为一种新兴的抗肿瘤药物取得了巨大的研究进展，具有直接杀伤肿瘤细胞、激发机体免疫应答、增强其他抗肿瘤药物效果等多种功能，与传统治疗方法相比具有特异性强、副作用小、能抗多种类型肿瘤等优势。此文综述溶瘤病毒免疫治疗的作用机制，以及进一步研究的前景与挑战等。

Cancer has become a serious threat to human health. Classical cancer treatments work poorly on certain types of cancers, and have severe adverse effects on life quality of patients. With the development of cancer immunotherapy, oncolytic virus, an emerging antineoplastic drug with functions including directly killing tumor cells, activating immune response, and enhancing effect of other therapies has obtained significant research progress. Compared with classical treatments, oncolytic virus therapy has higher specificity, fewer side effects and ability to work on various kinds of tumors. This review summarizes mechanisms of oncolytic virus immunotherapy and perspectives and challenges for further research．