虽然狂犬病可通过接种狂犬病疫苗来预防，但全球每年仍有超过55 000人因狂犬病死亡。采用现行狂犬病疫苗的多剂接种方案，暴露前疫苗接种对大多数国家来说不具有成本效益，因此有必要开发新型狂犬病疫苗。理想的狂犬病疫苗应与现行的多剂疫苗同样安全，而且单剂接种后就能达到保护性免疫。此综述讨论了处于临床前试验和正在进行临床试验的新型狂犬病疫苗，及其替代现有狂犬病疫苗的潜力。

Although rabies can be prevented by rabies vaccination, more than 55 000 people still die of rabies every year in the world. With the multiple dose regimens of current rabies vaccines, pre-exposure vaccination is not cost effective for most countries. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new rabies vaccines. The ideal rabies vaccine should be as safe and effective as the current multi-dose rabies vaccine, and most importantly, be able to achieve protective immunity after the single-dose vaccination. This review discusses new rabies vaccines that are in preclinical trials as well as undergoing clinical trials, and their potential for replacing current rabies vaccines.