Ⅰ型干扰素（type Ⅰ interferon，IFN-Ⅰ）具有广谱抗病毒免疫保护效应，已在临床上用于治疗多种病毒性疾病。IFN-Ⅰ与特异性受体结合后，触发一个极其复杂的信号通路网络，诱导产生大量抗病毒蛋白来发挥抗病毒和免疫调节作用。在急性病毒感染如高致病性H5N1禽流感病毒感染中，IFN-Ⅰ信号通路过度活化诱发的细胞因子风暴会促使病情进一步恶化。而在慢性病毒感染如慢性HCV感染中，IFN-Ⅰ在发挥治疗作用的同时还能引起一系列病理效应。因此，探索在病毒性疾病发生发展进程中适时激活或阻断IFN-Ⅰ信号通路的研究，将有助于指导临床合理高效地使用IFN-Ⅰ。

Type Ⅰ interferon (IFN-I) has a broad-spectrum of antiviral immune protective effects and has been used clinically to treat a variety of viral diseases. When IFN-Ⅰ binds to its specific receptor, it triggers an extremely complex signaling pathway network to produce a large number of antiviral proteins that exert antiviral activity and regulate immunity. During acute viral infections such as highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus infection, the cytokine storm induced by excessive activation of the IFN-Ⅰ signaling pathway may further worsen the condition. In chronic viral infections such as hepatitis C virus infection, IFN-Ⅰ causes a series of pathological effects while exerting therapeutic effects. Therefore, studies on activating or blocking the IFN-Ⅰ signaling pathway will help guide the rational and efficient use of IFN-Ⅰ in clinical treatment for viral diseases.