埃博拉病毒（Ebola virus，EBOV）是引起人类和非人灵长类动物严重出血热的最危险病原体之一，1976年首次得到报道。2014年撒哈拉以南非洲暴发的EBOV病的病死率高达90%。研究表明EBOV灭活疫苗无效，但多个新型EBOV候选疫苗已在临床前试验中显示有效，其中部分已进入临床试验。这些新型疫苗包括病毒载体疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗和核酸疫苗。此文对EBOV疫苗的研究进展做一综述。

Ebola virus (EBOV) is one of the most dangerous microorganisms causing hemorrhagic fevers in humans and non-human primates. EBOV was first reported in 1976. The 2014 outbreak in Sub-Saharan Africa caused up to 90% mortality rate. Researches show that inactivated vaccine appear to be ineffective. Novel vaccines, however, have shown effectivity in preclinical trials and some of them have entered clinical trials. These new vaccines include virus vector vaccine, virus-like particle vaccine and nucleic acid vaccine. This review summarizes the research progress of EBOV vaccines.