当前广泛使用的季节性流感疫苗的主要抗原成分包括2个重要的流感病毒表面糖蛋白，血凝素和神经氨酸酶(neuraminidase, NA)。研究表明NA抑制性抗体虽然不能防止流感病毒感染，但能有效抑制病毒扩散，因此基于NA设计的疫苗开始受到重视。NA的相对保守性也使此类疫苗有潜力成为广谱流感疫苗。目前基于NA的多种形式流感疫苗，包括DNA疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗、重组载体疫苗、重组亚单位疫苗以及联合其他流感病毒蛋白的疫苗等，在动物模型中均表现出诱导交叉保护的能力。此文综述了近年来发表的有关基于NA的流感病毒疫苗的研究。

The main antigens in present seasonal influenza vaccines include two important influenza virus surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (NA). Studies have confirmed that, although NA inhibiting antibodies may not prevent virus infection, they can effectively curb virus spreading, which has gained attention for NA-based vaccines. In addition, the relative conservativity of NA makes it a potential universal vaccine target. Many different forms of NA-based vaccines, such as DNA vaccine, virus-like particle vaccine, vector vaccine, recombinant subunit vaccine, and vaccines combined with other influenza virus proteins, have demonstrated ability to induce cross protection in animal models. This article reviews studies published recently on NA-based influenza vaccines.