艾滋病是一种传染性强、传播速度快、传播范围广、病死率高的传染病。抗逆转录病毒药物可以抑制感染者体内病毒的复制，但不能将其完全清除。研究显示，以痘病毒为载体，经过局部基因修饰后研制的预防性艾滋病疫苗具有较好安全性和一定免疫原性。此文对痘病毒载体艾滋病疫苗的研究进展进行综述。

 AIDS is a highly infectious disease, which spreads quickly and widely and brings about high mortality. Antiretroviral drugs can inhibit replication of HIV, but cannot  eradicate the virus completely in HIV-infected patients. Studies show that a prophylactic poxvirus-vectored vaccine against AIDS, with genes partially modified by means of gene engineering, has satisfactory safety and some immunogenicity. In this paper, the research progress of poxvirus-vectored vaccines against AIDS is reviewed.