目的  通过将鼠疫耶尔森菌的F1抗原和重组V抗原组成的鼠疫疫苗免疫食蟹猴，对疫苗的免疫效果进行评价。方法  将20只食蟹猴随机分成低剂量组、高剂量组和生理盐水对照组，分别于0和2周肌内免疫，并于首1剂后2周和2剂后2周采血。用ELISA检测免疫动物血清中的总IgG抗体；另外，分离外周血淋巴细胞，用酶联免疫斑点试验检测分泌IFN-γ的外周血淋巴细胞。用t检验对结果进行比较。结果  免疫后，对照组均未产生抗体，而疫苗组产生了较强的抗体应答。2剂免疫后2周，低、高剂量组的抗F1抗原IgG抗体几何平均滴度分别为（4.71±0.32）lg和（5.09±0.21）lg（t=-2.76，P<0.05），两组的抗重组V抗原IgG抗体几何平均滴度分别为（4.75±0.52）lg和（5.12±0.58）lg（t=-1.37，P>0.05）。经F1和V抗原体外刺激产生IFN-γ的外周血淋巴细胞，细胞数均无明显增加。F1抗原刺激后，低、高剂量组分泌IFN-γ的外周血淋巴细胞数分别为（1±1）/10⁶和（1±2）/10⁶（t=-0.16，P>0.05）。重组V抗原刺激后，两组分别为（7±15）/10⁶和（6±7）/10⁶（t=0.88，P>0.05）。结论  鼠疫疫苗在食蟹猴模型中能诱导较强的体液免疫应答，但不能诱导明显的细胞免疫应答。

Objective  To evaluate the immune effect of a new plague vaccine composed of yersinia pestis F1 antigen and recombinant V (rV) antigen in cynomolgus monkeys.  Methods  Tweenty cynomolgus monkeys were simplely randomized into 3 and intramuscularly injected with low-dose plague vaccine, high-dose plague vaccine and saline at 0 and 2 weeks, respectively. The serum samples were collected 2 after the first immunization,examined for total IgG antibodies by ELISA. In addition, enzyme-linked immunospot assay was used to detect  IFN-γ-secreting lymphocytes  in isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes. The results were compared by Student’s t-test. Results  No IgG antibody was detected in the control group, but the plague vaccine induced strong antibody response. In the cynomolgus monkeys immunized with low-dose or high-dose vaccine,2 weeks after the second immunization, the geometric mean titers of anti-F1 IgG were (4.71±0.32) /10⁶and (5.09±0.21)/10⁶(t=-2.76, P<0.05), and anti-VIgG (4.75±0.52)/10⁶ and(5.12±0.58) /10⁶(t=-1.37, P>0.05), respectively. No significantly increased of IFN-γ-secreting was found after in vitro stimulation with F1 and rV antigens. In cynomolgus monkeys immunized with low-dose or high-dose vaccine, the number of IFN-γ-secreting cells was (1±1) /10⁶ and (1±2) /10⁶ (t=-0.16, P>0.05), respectively, and (7±15) /10⁶ and( 6±7 ) /10⁶(t=0.88, P>0.05) when stimulated with rV. Conclusion  Plague vaccine can elicit strong specific humoral response but weak cellular response in cynomolgus monkeys.