输血相关传染病的预防和控制已经成为全社会关注的焦点问题，而新的检测技术（如核酸检测）的引入是进一步提高血液安全的重要措施之一。此文综述了美国应用核酸检测筛查血液的历程和现状，以期对我国血液筛查策略的改进提供参考。

It has been increasingly focused on the prevention and control of the trans-fusion-transmitted infectious diseases. The introduction of the new technology, such as nucleic acid testing (NAT), is one of the important measures to improve the blood safety. This article will review the course and actualities of NAT for blood screening in the United States, and provide experience to ameliorate the blood screening strategy in China.