2006年6月美国FDA批准了第一个用于预防宫颈癌的疫苗，即可以预防人乳头瘤病毒（human papillomavirus，HPV）6、11、16和18型感染的4价疫苗，70%的宫颈癌和90%的生殖器疣由这些型别引起。还有一种可以预防HPV 16 和18型的二价HPV疫苗也已上市。此文主要就治疗性和预防性HPV疫苗的发展情况做一综述。

The US Food and Drug Administration licensed the first vaccine to prevent cervical cancers in women in June 2006. The quadrivalent vaccine protects against human papilloomavirus (HPV) -6, -11, -16, and -18, which are responsible for 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts. The second is a bivalent vaccine preventing from infection of two high-risk oncogenic HPV types (HPV-16 and -18). This article reviews the biology of HPV that allows for the development of both therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines.