戊型肝炎（hepatitis E，HE）是许多发展中国家重要的公共卫生问题，在孕妇及其他特殊人群中HE负担尤为严重。目前唯一上市的HE疫苗是HEV239（Hecolin?），仅推荐用于16~65岁的健康人群。流行病调查显示，孕妇、16岁以下儿童及65岁以上老人的HE负担日益加重。戊型肝炎病毒（hepatitis E virus，HEV）感染孕妇的高病死率进一步凸显了在HE暴发时保护孕妇人群的必要性。此文综述了HEV在孕妇及其他特殊人群中的流行特征，并讨论了这些高危人群接种HE疫苗的必要性。

 Hepatitis E (HE) is a critical public health problem in many developing countries, and HE burden in pregnant women and other special populations is particularly serious. The only HE vaccine licensed currently is HEV239 (Hecolin?), and  only recommended for healthy people aged 16-65. Epidemiological surveys show a heavier HE burden in pregnant women, children under 16 years old and people over 65 years old. High mortality rate in pregnant women infected with HEV further highlights the necessity of protecting pregnant women from HE outbreak. This paper reviews the epidemic characteristics of HEV in pregnant women and other special groups, and discusses the need to administer HE vaccine to these high-risk groups.