流行性腮腺炎（腮腺炎）是由腮腺炎病毒（mumps virus，MuV）导致的急性全身性传染病，接种疫苗是预防MuV感染最有效的手段。腮腺炎疫苗广泛应用后，全球腮腺炎发病率大幅下降，但近些年却多次发生小规模腮腺炎暴发，可能的原因主要包括：疫苗接种覆盖率不够高、疫苗效果不理想、人群免疫力下降和流行株基因型改变。针对这些情况，应调整免疫接种策略，并需研发新疫苗。

 Mumps is an acute systemic infection caused by mumps virus (MuV), and vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent MuV infection. After widespread administration of mumps vaccine, the incidence of mumps has dropped considerably in the global scope. However, numerous small scalemumps outbreaks have occurred in recent years. The possible reasons mainly include not enough vaccination coverage, suboptimal effectiveness of mumps vaccines, immunity waning in the population, and genotype changes of epidemic stains.?Aiming at these situations, immunization strategy should be improved, and new vaccines need be developed.