呼吸道合胞病毒（respiratory syncytial virus,RSV）是造成婴幼儿、老年人、免疫抑制者等免疫功能低下的人群呼吸道感染的最常见原因之一。RSV是一种单股负链RNA病毒，研究和开发RSV疫苗已有40多年的历史。最初儿童接种福尔马林灭活疫苗后再次感染RSV会出现病情加重的情况；减毒活疫苗在遗传稳定性上存在问题；以纯化的F蛋白和G蛋白研制的部分亚单位疫苗已进入临床试验阶段，尚存在一些需要解决的问题。某些DNA疫苗在动物模型上表现出良好的免疫原性，但由于生物安全的问题，DNA疫苗的应用前景尚不清楚。目前应用反向遗传学技术研制新的RSV疫苗已显示良好的应用前景。

 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of respiratory infection in children, infants, the elderly and immunosuppressed group. It is a virus with negative-strand RNA. RSV vaccines have been studying and developing for more than 40 years. At first，children who have immunized with formalin-inactivated vaccine suffered from enhanced illness after subsequent natural infection, and the live-attenuated vaccines have some problems of genetic stability. Some of purified F and G protein subunit vaccines are in clinical trials, but there are some problems to be solved. DNA vaccines present good immunogenicity in animal models, and the application possibility of DNA vaccines is still unknown because of biosafety issues. Now using reverse genetic technologies for development of novel RSV vaccines has revealed good application prospects.