人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus, HPV) 持续感染是妇女发生宫颈癌的重要原因之一。目前已鉴定出100多个HPV基因型，它们可分为高危型和低危型两类。在亚洲地区，HPV 16、18、58型与宫颈癌关系最密切。目前已上市的HPV预防性疫苗有CervarixTM 和Gardasil?疫苗。此文对HPV的基因结构和功能以及已上市的预防性疫苗的安全性和免疫原性做一系统阐述。

 Persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types is a necessary cause of cervical cancer. More than 100 HPV genotypes have been identified, and they are classified into two groups, high-risk types and low-risk types. In Asia, HPV16,18 and 58 are the predominant oncogenic types. Two prophylactic HPV vaccines CervarixTM and Gardasil?, have recently been licensed in many countries. This article reviews the structure and function of HPV genes and the safety and immunogenicity of the two licensed vaccines.