脑膜炎球菌是一种严格的人类病原菌，主要引起发病率和病死率均较高的流行性脑脊髓膜炎和败血症。过去对脑膜炎球菌的研究主要以血清学实验为基础。随着分子生物学技术的发展，B群脑膜炎球菌的分子流行病学研究取得了极大的进展，获得的研究成果为疫苗开发与评价提供了重要的依据。此文对B群脑膜炎球菌的分子流行病学及其疫苗设计进行简要论述。

 Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) is a strict human pathogen and major cause of bacterial meningitis and septicemia with high morbidity and mortality. Previous investigations about Nm were mainly based on serology assays. Along with the development of molecular biology techniques, the study of molecular epidemiology of Nesseria meningitis group B (NmB) has made great progress, and the research findings have provided important basis for the development and evaluation of vaccines against NmB. This paper briefly reviews the molecular epidemiology of NmB and relevant vaccine design.