目的  比较微量血凝抑制 （micro-hemagglutination inhibition，HI）试验与酶联免疫吸附测定（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay，ELISA）检测血清抗风疹IgG抗体的敏感性和特异性，确定ELISA法检测血清抗风疹IgG抗体的可行性。方法  采集江苏地区506名8~15月龄健康儿童免疫前和麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹联合疫苗免疫后1个月的血清，共1012份血清，分别采用HI法和ELISA法检测血清抗风疹IgG抗体，并采用卡方检验对两种方法的检测结果进行比较。结果  HI法和ELISA法的血清抗风疹抗体阳性检出率分别为50.30%和47.33%,两种方法的阳性检出率之间的差异无统计学意义（χ²=1.780，P=0.182）。两种方法检出同为阴性的血清495份，同为阳性的血清476份血清，两种方法的检测符合率为95.95%。相关与回归分析显示，两种方法具有高度的正相关性（r=0.806，P＜0.001）。结论  可用ELISA法替代HI法进行血清抗风疹IgG抗体检测。

Objective   To compare the sensitivity and specificity for detecting serum anti-rubella IgG antibody between micro-hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and define the feasibility of ELISA for detecting serum anti-rubella IgG antibody.  Methods   Serum samples from 506 healthy children aged 8-15 months in Jiangsu province were collected before vaccination and one month after vaccination with measles-mumps-rubella combined vaccine , and total 1012 serum samples were obtained. Serum anti-rubella IgG antibodies were detected by HI test and ELISA respectively, and the detection results between two methods were compared by chi-square test.   Results   The positive detection rates of HI and ELISA antibodies were 50.30% and 47.33% respectively, and no statistically significant difference in positive detection rate was found between the two methods(χ²=1.780，P=0.182). 495 serum samples were negative and 476 serum samples were positive by both assays. The rate of detection conformity between two methods was 95.95%.  Correlation and regression analysis showed there was high positive correlation between two methods（r=0.806，P＜0.001). Conclusion  ELISA can replace HI test to detecting serum anti-rubella IgG antibody.