人乳头瘤病毒（human papillomavirus，HPV）感染是导致尖锐湿疣、宫颈上皮瘤样病变和宫颈癌的主要原因。鉴于HPV的特殊扩增机制，目前尚不能通过体外培养的传统方法来获得病毒用于疫苗研究。HPV的主要衣壳蛋白L1在体外可自行组装成病毒样颗粒（virus-like partical，VLP），形成的VLP在实验动物和人体中均可诱生高滴度的保护性抗体，是理想的预防性疫苗组分。此文就HPV的流行病学、致病机制及其VLP的制备和应用作一综述。

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infectoin is the main etiological fator of condyloma acuminatum, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. In view of the special amplification mechanism of HPV, it is difficult to obtain HPV for vaccine research by traditional cultural methods in vitro. HPV virus-like particles (VLPs) can be assembled by HPV L1 major capsid protein self in vitro. and induce high titers of protective antibodies in animal models and human beings. They are perfect prophylactic vaccine components. This review discusses epidemiology and pathogenesis of HPV, as well as production and application of HPV VLPs.