目的  了解新生儿单纯疱疹病毒1型（herpes simplex virus type 1，HSV-1）和人巨细胞病毒（human cytomegalovirus，HCMV）血清抗体阳性情况及其与早产儿临床表现的关系。方法  收集新生儿血清共178份（其中健康产妇顺产新生儿脐带血血清114份，早产儿外周血血清64份），分别用HSV-1和HCMV IgG、IgM ELISA试剂盒进行检测。采用χ2检验对结果进行比较。结果  178名新生儿中，血清HSV-1 IgG阳性率为83.70%，IgM为阴性；HCMV IgG和IgM阳性率分别为94.38%和0.56%。其中114名顺产新生儿中，HSV-1 IgG和IgM阳性率分别为78.07%和0.00%，HCMV IgG和IgM阳性率分别为94.74%和0.88%，HSV-1 IgG和HCMV IgG共阳性率为73.68%。在64名早产儿中，HSV-1 IgG和IgM阳性率分别为93.75%和0.00%，HCMV IgG和IgM阳性率分别为93.75%和0.00%，HSV-1 IgG和HCMV IgG共阳性率为87.50%。早产儿与顺产儿的HCMV IgG阳性率差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.07，P>0.05）；但早产儿HSV-1 IgG阳性率以及HSV-1 IgG和HCMV IgG共阳性率均高于顺产儿，且差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别为7.38和4.65，P值均<0.05）。HSV-1 IgG和HCMV IgG阳性早产儿出现胎膜早破、胎盘早剥、羊水过少、羊水污染和皮肤异常的几率明显高于阴性早产儿。结论  本次检测的新生儿HSV-1 IgG和HCMV IgG阳性率较高，且两者阳性的早产儿可能伴随胎膜早破等临床表现。

Objective  To understand serum positive rates of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in 178 neonats and their relationship with clinical manifestation of premature infants.  Methods  A total of 178 neonatal serum samples were collected, including 114 umbilical cord sera from normally delivered newborns and 64 blood sera from premature infants. IgG and IgM antibodies to HSV-1 and HCMV were detected with ELISA. The χ² test was adopted for the comparisons. Results  In 178 neonats, HSV-1 IgG and IgM positive rates were 83.70% and 0.00%, HCMV IgG and IgM positive were 94.38% and 0.56%, respectively. In 114 normally delivered newborns, HSV-1 IgG and IgM positive rates were 78.07% and 0.00%, HCMV IgG and IgM positive were 94.74% and 0.88%, respectively. The positive rate of both HSV-1 IgG and HCMV IgG was 73.68%. In 64 premature infants, HSV-1 IgG and IgM positive rates were 93.75% and 0.00%, HCMV IgG and IgM positive rates were 93.75% and 0.00%, respectively. The positive rate of both HSV-1 IgG and HCMV IgG was 87.50%. The HCMV IgG positive rates between premature and normally delivered neonates were not statistically significant (χ²= 0.07, P>0.05); while HSV-1 IgG positive rate and both HSV-1 IgG and HCMV IgG positive rate in premature neonates were significantly higher than those in normally delivered newborns (χ²=7.38, 4.65,  P<0.05). The premature infants with HSV-1 IgG and HCMV IgG positive had higher risk of premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption, oligohydramnios, amniotic fluid contamination and skin abnormalities. Conclusions  The positive rates of HSV-1 IgG and HCMV IgG are high in neonates. The premature infants with HSV-1 IgG and HCMV IgG positive may be associated with premature rupture of membranes and other clinical manifestations.