黏膜免疫包括各种对不同病原体易感的黏膜表面。此文根据黏膜表面的多样性及其独特的组织环境探索黏膜免疫的基本原理，并基于大动物对感染和疫苗接种的免疫应答的实验研究，为研制诱导黏膜免疫的疫苗提供一些思路。

Mucosal immunity covers a variety of mucosal surfaces susceptible to different pathogens. This review explores the basic principles of mucosal immunity in light of the diversity of  mucosal surfaces  and  their  unique  tissue  environments, and offers some thoughts on approaches for developing vaccines to induce mucosal immunity, predominantly based on experiments studying immune responses to infection and vaccination in large animals.