乳酸菌是公认的食品级安全微生物，利用乳酸菌作为表达载体进行抗原表达，能诱导机体产生有效的免疫应答。经口服和滴鼻免疫还可诱导机体的黏膜免疫应答，且接种方便，免疫效果和依从性均优于传统的注射途径。此文就乳酸菌作为表达载体的优势、表达系统的组成、目前成功表达的异源蛋白以及新型传送系统革兰阳性菌增强基质颗粒的研究进展做一综述。

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are food-grade, generally regarded as safe microorganisms. Effective immune responses can be induced using LAB as expression vectors for antigen expression. Oral and intranasal immunizations can also induce mucosal immune response. They are easy to operate and have better immune efficacy and compliance than those achieved by traditional injective way. In the present review, we describe advantages of LAB as vectors,  various delivery systems developed by LAB, successfully expressed heterologous proteins, and a novel delivery system—Gram-positive enhancer matrix particle.