婴儿尤其是新生儿的疾病负担很重，因此急需用于新生儿的疫苗。目前已有一些儿童期病毒性疾病疫苗，但尚未应用于婴儿和新生儿。提早接种疫苗和新生儿免疫接种的障碍包括宿主因素，（如免疫系统未成熟、被动获得性抗体的干扰）和疫苗特异性问题（如最佳接种途径、疫苗滴度和剂量要求），因此比较复杂。其他宿主和基础设施的问题也会成为发展中国家新生儿接种的障碍。此文对活病毒疫苗在婴儿中的应用和障碍进行综述，并对其开发前景作了展望。

The need for neonatal vaccines is supported by the high disease burden during the first year of life particularly in the first month. At present, some childhood vaccines against viral diseases exist, but their use in the first year particularly at birth is not yet practiced. The obstacles for early-life and neonatal vaccination are complex and include host factors, such as an immature immune system and the interference of passively acquired antibodies, as well as vaccine-specific issues, such as optimal route of administration, vaccine titer and dosing requirements. Additional host and infrastructure problems also present obstacles to neonatal vaccination in the developing countries. This review will highlight the current live viral vaccines, their use, barriers in neonates, and prospects of developing neonatal vaccines.