开发安全有效的人类免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus，HIV）疫苗可为人类进一步控制HIV流行带来希望。自20世纪80年代后期以来，人们已开发出许多候选疫苗，包括DNA疫苗、亚单位疫苗、重组活疫苗，这些疫苗在非人灵长类动物中能诱导不同程度的保护性应答，其中4种候选疫苗已在人类志愿者中进行效力测定，并获得了有希望的结果。值得关注的是，人们建立了不同的初免-加强免疫策略，以增强机体对HIV疫苗的免疫应答。此文介绍了有关HIV疫苗的开发进展。

 Development of safe and effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines provides hope for further control of HIV pandemic. Since the late 1980s, many candidate HIV vaccines have been developed, including DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines and live recombinant vaccines. These candidate vaccines can induce varying degrees of protective responses in nonhuman primate models. Four of candidate vaccines have been tested for efficacy in human volunteers, and promising results were obtained. It is noteworthy that various prime-boost immunization strategies have been developed to enhance immune responses to HIV vaccines. This article introduces research progress in development of HIV vaccines.