通过黏膜途径接种疫苗成为近年来的研究热点。黏膜疫苗具有诱导局部和全身免疫应答和依从性好等诸多优点。但大多数抗原经黏膜接种时易引起免疫耐受，阻碍了黏膜疫苗的进一步研发。为了克服这些困难，人们设计了大量的黏膜免疫佐剂和抗原递送系统以增强机体对抗原的黏膜和全身免疫应答。此文介绍了主要的黏膜佐剂和递送系统的研究进展。

 Mucosal vaccination becomes a research focus in recent years, which has many advantages, such as inducing both local mucosal and systemic immune responses and having good compliance. But most antigens administered by mucosal routes easily cause immune tolerance, which hinders further development of mucosal vaccines. In order to overcome these difficulties, a number of mucosal adjuvants and delivery systems have been designed to enhance mucosal and systemic immune responses. This article describes main advances in research of mucosal adjuvants and delivery systems.