人巨细胞病毒（human cytomegalovirus，HCMV）能感染全球大多数人群，并持续存在于被感染宿主细胞中。虽然HCMV感染健康成年人后很少表现出严重急性临床症状，但该病毒是先天性疾病和移植手术并发症的常见感染原因。因此，迫切需要开发疫苗预防这些人群的HCMV感染。此文阐述近年来HCMV候选疫苗抗原的研究进展，讨论最近四种已公布临床试验数据的HCMV候选疫苗的临床可行性，并探讨下一代候选疫苗的改进余地。

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects the majority of the global population and persists within the infected host for life. The infection of healthy adults rarely leads to severe acute clinical symptoms, but HCMV is a common infectious cause of congenital disease and complications in transplant recipients. Thus, a vaccine to prevent HCMV disease in these populations is urgently needed. This review describes recent advances in research of candidate vaccine antigens,discusses clinical feasibility of the four recent HCMV vaccine candidates for which clinical trial data have been published ,and explores the areas for potential improvements in the next generation of vaccine candidates.