肺炎链球菌是引起全球不同年龄人群，尤其是幼儿和老年人肺炎、败血症和脑膜炎等严重疾病的重要病原菌，由肺炎链球菌导致的这些疾病可以通过疫苗进行预防。在将肺炎链球菌疫苗纳入国家免疫计划的国家，儿童肺炎链球菌病的发病率以及疫苗型肺炎链球菌的携带率大大降低，且可在未免疫人群中产生间接保护作用。此文对23价肺炎链球菌多糖疫苗和13价肺炎链球菌结合疫苗在成年人中的应用进行探讨。

 Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important pathogen causing serious diseases such as pneumonia, septicemia and meningitis in people of all ages, especially in young children and the eldly worldwide. These diseases can prevented by pneumococcal vaccines. In countries where pneumococcal vaccines have been introduced in national immunization program, the incidence of pneumococcal diseases and the carriage of pneumococcal vaccine serotypes decreased dramatically in children, and indirect herd protection was developed among unvaccinated people. The utilization of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine are discussed in this article.