b型流感嗜血杆菌（Haemophilus influenzae type b，Hib）是导致婴幼儿严重细菌性感染的主要致病菌之一。Hib疫苗的研发和使用大大降低了Hib疾病的发病率。研究显示，Hib结合疫苗可有效预防婴幼儿侵袭性Hib疾病，且具有良好的安全性。此文就Hib的病原学、流行病学及疫苗研究进行综述。

 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is one of the major serious bacterial infection in infants and young children. With development and using of Hib vaccines, incidence rate of Hib diseases reduces significantly. Researches show that Hib conjugate vaccine can effectively prevent invasive Hib diseases in infants and young children and has good safety. This article reviews etiology, epidemiology and vaccine research of Hib.